突发事件中警察权行使的宪政思考——以社会安全事件处置为视角

突发事件尤其是社会安全事件直接影响着我国社会的稳定与和谐,作为维护国家安全和社会治安秩序的警察,在突发事件的预防与应急准备、监测与预警、应急处置与救援、事后恢复与重建等活动中,是恢复社会秩序和安全的重要力量之一。同时,警察在突发事件中的权力行使又不可避免地会在一定程度上限制公民的权利和自由。因此,在突发事件中,警察权与公民权的关系实际上反映了宪政上国家权力与公民权利之间的博弈。     

Assumptions of gain preference and choice of action by states in international legislation: From the perspective of international relations

Upon entry into the vision of scholars in international relations, game theory has quickly become an effective approach to analyzing international conflicts and cooperation, and has been broadly adopted by neo-realism and neo-liberalism, which are two dominating aspects in the current theories of international relations. The former argues that the states participating in the game always follow relative gains, hence achieving a pessimistic conclusion on international cooperation, while the latter argues that the states participating in the game always follow absolute gains and deduce an optimistic prospect for international cooperation, which provides a useful way to analyze the confrontation and cooperation of states in international legislative game. Of course, it is aware that gain preference and choice of action by states in international legislative game are also conditioned by other factors.     

社会资本论视角下的“拼爹游戏”解析

在就业竞争越来越激烈的形势下,＂拼爹游戏＂日益严重,这种现象引起了社会各界的广泛关注。从社会资本论角度看,＂拼爹游戏＂是子女对父母所拥有的社会资源的承袭,这种现象的发展,会造成社会规范失控,妨碍社会流动,不利于实现社会公平。     

农村利益主体多元化问题研究

在建设社会主义新农村、推进城市化的进程中,农村利益主体呈现多元化的发展态势,除了农村原来的利益主体之外,外来的利益主体也对农村的利益分配施加压力,不同的利益主体在农村的利益分配过程中进行博弈,博弈的结果直接决定农村利益分配的结果。解决农民利益被其他主体侵害的问题,必须规范村级组织的运行,强化对村级组织的监督,提高农民政治参与的能力,拓宽和疏通农民维护利益的渠道。     

Restricted Charitable Donations and the “Cy Pres” Doctrine

Courts apply the cy pres doctrine to best approximate deceased donor restrictions when these become illegal or impossible to carry out. I show, in a model of strategic donations, that a commitment to further protect deceased donor restrictions attracts more funds today at the price of inefficient allocation of funds tomorrow. The analysis identifies the benefits and costs of relaxing the doctrine, suggesting that a more flexible application by properly balancing its impact on present donations and future efficiency concerns, if feasible, would better serve to promote intergenerational social welfare.     

中央与地方政府关于土地政策的博弈分析

在现行土地政策博弈中,由于地方政府处于信息优势和操作优势地位,使得中央的土地政策往往难以发挥保护耕地和农民利益的功能,形成一种管制和征地的恶性循环。因此必须着力提供保护农民土地权益的制度性政策,包括建立让地权所有者直接参与市场交易的机制、消除地方政府“土地财政”激励、修改土地相关法律等。     

中日在稀有金属领域的战略博弈——兼评中国稀土产业政策效果

日本本土稀有金属资源极度匮乏,但却是世界稀有金属消费大国和应用强国。随着稀有金属在战略性新兴产业应用日益广泛,中日两个稀有金属资源和应用大国在该领域展开了数轮博弈。为应对中国收紧稀有金属出口的一揽子政策措施,日本综合运用技术、经济、政治、外交手段,形成了以技术创新为核心、市场化为基本导向、官产学联动的稀有金属保障战略体系,有效缓解了其国内稀有金属供给趋紧的压力,进一步巩固了日本在稀有金属全球价值链上的竞争优势。长期以来,中国稀有金属的资源优势未能上升为产业优势。借鉴日本稀有金属保障体系,应加快构建稀有矿产资源国家战略,推动稀有金属产业链向高端环节延展,切实维护国家资源安全。     

构建和谐劳动关系的博弈论分析

和谐的劳动关系应该满足两个条件:双方权益大体均衡,双方收益都可获得发展。非公企业劳动关系双方利益的差异决定了双方的斗争和冲突,双方利益的共性决定了双方有可能达到某种程度的和谐。劳动关系和谐是博弈的结果。虽然在一次性博弈中劳资双方都倾向于采取进攻型行为,但在重复博弈中,进攻型行为只能导致两败俱伤。谈判与合作是重复博弈条件下劳动关系双方的必然选择。执政者可以通过制度性安排,促使劳动关系双方接受谈判解决冲突的行为模式。工会在博弈中扮演了代表者和教育者的双重角色。     

Agricultural Policy Reform and Policy Convergence: An Actor-Centered Institutionalist Approach

This article examines the entry into the agricultural policy arena of a new market liberal vision. Battles over market liberalism are some of the defining struggles of the present age. The article develops a stylized framework designed to help understand some of these political struggles and some of the underlying dynamics of the complex policy debates that have occurred. It begins with a brief review of the changed economic context for farming that gradually took place in the 1990s and then provides an overview of how market liberal values and norms might be applied to agriculture. Constructing a stylized set of negotiations in a game-theoretic form that might take place in a debate over the merits of a market liberal approach, it shows two different paths for agricultural policy reform. The analysis suggests that policy change is likely to move more in a market-liberal direction under a center-left government than under a conservative one. This model isthen tested by looking at policy change in two sectors (cereal grains, dairy) in three countries (Australia, Canada, and the United States of America). The analysis suggests that the models are more helpful and policy convergence is more pronounced when sectors are open to international competition. In contrast, the models work less well and convergence is lower in highly protected sectors.     

企业劳动关系运行规则与工会博弈空间

在我国由计划经济向市场经济转型的过程中,虽然在国家法律制度的设计中,将工会作为企业内平衡劳动关系的主要制衡力量,赋予了代表和维护劳动者合法权益的制度要求,但企业改革的操作路径,却使资方对于企业规章制度的制定具有了单方面的控制权,造成了企业内劳动关系运行规则资方单决的局面.宏观层面的法律对于企业劳动关系运行规则的“软性”...